Common Characteristics of Classic Literature

What is Classic Literature? 

Classic literature is the world’s best literature that has been equally appreciated by readers for hundreds of years. These literatures written with factual and historical background never get old, they are timeless. Because they shed light on the fundamental aspects of human life, which are the same in all ages and can be experienced by people of all ages. 

The most popular classic literature in the world is mainly European. But some literature from every country and every language attains the status of classic in the literary world. Classic literature has no specific genre, although we consider most fiction literature to be classics.  But all genres of literature can attain the status of classics, such as autobiography, poetry, historical, political, crime thriller, etc. Two famous non-fiction classics I have read are Anne Frank’s “The Diary of a Young Girl” and Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own”. 

Characteristics of Classic Literature

Timeless Themes and Universality: 

Classic literature is based on themes that are universally accepted and endure from generation to generation. People of all ages and all cultures can relate their lives to these stories. Stories of classic literature have a wonderful juxtaposition of human happiness and sadness, love, romance, success, failure, friendship, betrayal, emotions, and feelings that people of all ages can relate to. 

For instance, Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” explores the timeless theme of tragic love, “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Brontë delves into the passionate and destructive love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, exploring themes of love, revenge, and social class. 

Complex Characters:

Characters in classic literature are varied and complex. They have to go through the most difficult experiences of life. Especially in the life of the main character of the story, there are many obstacles, they have to pass many tests to live, and they make many important decisions after ethical dilemmas. By reading about them, the reader also gains deep psychological insight, increasing the reader’s perceptive powers.

Elizabeth Bennet in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen, is intelligent, witty, and independent, challenging the societal norms of her time. She navigates societal expectations, familial pressures, and her evolving feelings toward Mr. Darcy, whom she initially misjudges. Through Elizabeth’s experiences, readers explore themes of prejudice, social class, and personal growth.

Rich Language:

Classic literature is often written using serious and rich language. Many similes are used metaphorically to convey many underlying messages, which are subject to complex analysis. Such use of language makes the reader think deeply and helps in linguistic enrichment. 

In “Moby-Dick” by Herman Melville, Melville’s narrative is filled with complex metaphors and symbolic language. The whale, Moby Dick, represents multiple concepts including nature’s power, the unknown, and the limits of human knowledge.

Historical and Cultural Significance:

The best classics of the world’s literature set stories with historical and cultural contexts that introduce us to the history, culture, and social order of a region or country. Various revolutions, wars, social and political movements, etc. have been highlighted in the pieces of literature. By reading them, the reader gets an idea about many world histories and cultures. 

“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens is set during the French Revolution. This novel contrasts life in London and Paris, highlighting the social unrest, political upheaval, and stark differences between the two cities. Through the characters’ experiences, readers learn about the causes and consequences of the French Revolution, the Reign of Terror, and the plight of the common people versus the aristocracy.

Morality and Ethics:

Classic literature and its characters awaken in us a renewed sense of morality and humanity.  We see the main characters, heroes or heroines of the story struggle a lot, face many obstacles, and be persecuted for being honest, and for working to change society.  Still, they do not give up, do good deeds, stick to their decisions, and never deviate from honesty and morality no matter what happens. They encourage readers to speak out on issues of justice, equality, and human rights.

Jean Valjean in “Les Miserables” by Victor Hugo transforms from a hardened criminal to a compassionate, morally upright man after being shown mercy by a kind bishop. He faces numerous challenges, including relentless pursuit by Inspector Javert, while striving to lead an honest life and help others. Valjean’s journey of redemption and his efforts to protect the innocent and uplift the downtrodden highlight themes of forgiveness, justice, and humanity.

Santiago in “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway, an old fisherman, embodies perseverance, dignity, and respect for nature as he struggles to catch a giant marlin. He faces physical exhaustion, isolation, and the relentless forces of nature. Santiago’s unyielding spirit and ethical treatment of the marlin, even in the face of defeat, exemplify resilience, respect for life, and personal honor.

Joe Gargery in “Great Expectations” by Charles Dickens, a kind and humble blacksmith, consistently demonstrates honesty, kindness, and loyalty. Despite his modest means and the mistreatment he faces, Joe remains selfless and supportive, especially towards Pip. Joe’s character highlights the virtues of humility, generosity, and the importance of treating others with respect and compassion.

Widely Read and Taught:

Classic literature is widely discussed, criticized, and practiced throughout the world.  Through the analytical discussion of these literatures, one can wander into the deepest branches of knowledge, one can get acquainted with many difficult realities of life, and one can understand life in a new way. 

World classics are therefore included in the curriculum at all levels of education, including schools, colleges, and universities, in almost all countries of the world. A lot of research has also been done on this literature. It is never possible to understand the deep messages of classic literature by reading it only once.  So it is considered that literature should be read many times so that its underlying messages can be well understood. The more often such literature is read, the more it is possible to understand many things in a new way, and the more ideas can be brought out.

“I Can Jump Puddles” by Alan Marshall, an autobiographical classic novel in Australian literature, is often included in school and university curricula for its themes of resilience and overcoming adversity. The novel, which recounts Marshall’s experiences growing up with polio, provides rich material for discussions on disability, determination, and the human spirit. It helps students explore how personal challenges can shape one’s character and outlook on life. Scholars and students analyze the social and historical context of early 20th-century Australia, the portrayal of disability, and the narrative techniques Marshall employs. Multiple readings reveal deeper insights into the author’s life and the societal attitudes toward disability.

“The Count of Monte Cristo” by Alexandre Dumas is a French novel that is a staple in literature courses around the world. Its thrilling plot and rich themes make it a favorite for high school and university reading lists. The story of Edmond Dantes’ betrayal, imprisonment, and ultimate revenge invites discussions on justice, vengeance, forgiveness, and the complexities of human emotions and moral decisions. The novel’s intricate plot and numerous subplots provide ample opportunities for literary analysis, including studies on narrative structure, character development, and the historical context of early 19th-century France. Re-reading helps uncover the nuanced motivations of characters, the importance of study and knowledge in any situation, and the broader societal critiques embedded in the story.

The character Abbe Faria is one of the most influential figures in Edmond Dantès’ transformation and quest for revenge. Faria, an Italian priest imprisoned in the Chateau d’If, becomes a mentor and father figure to Dantès during their time together in prison. 

Faria educates Dantes in a wide range of subjects, including languages, science, philosophy, and history. This extensive education transforms Dantes from a naive sailor into a learned and sophisticated individual capable of navigating high society and executing complex plans. Students and scholars can learn a lot from Faria. He symbolizes hope and the possibility of redemption even in the darkest circumstances. His presence and teachings illustrate the power of knowledge, wisdom, and inner strength to overcome adversity.

In conclusion, classic literature includes a wide variety of works that have stood the test of time and continue to engage readers with their enduring themes, memorable characters, and profound insights. When readers delve into the pages of classic literature, they embark on a journey of exploration and discovery, uncovering universal truths about the human condition and gaining a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them.